Rules

Tax rates

Minimum tax: when gross income other than salary is 120,000 baht or more, 0.5% of it is compared with tax at the rates above, and the higher is paid, unless 0.5% comes to 5,000 baht or less. In practice it only applies above 1,000,000 baht of non-salary income. Severance and real estate computed separately do not get the 0% first band.

Income types

Freelance service work without materials is usually 40(2) and shares the 100,000 baht limit with salary, whatever the payer writes on the 50 Tawi. Choose 40(8) only for trading and the listed businesses.

40(8) business rates

Royal Decree No. 11 as amended by No. 629 (2560). Every listed business deducts 60% of gross income. Performers deduct 60% of the first 300,000 and 40% above, up to 600,000. Anything not listed deducts actual expenses only. Older tables with 65% to 85% are obsolete.

• 1Performers: actors, singers, musicians, athletes60%
• 2Selling land by instalments60%
• 3Gambling, contest or game fees60%
• 4Photography and photo printing60%
• 5Docks, shipyards, boat repair60%
• 6Shoes and leather goods60%
• 7Tailoring, sewing, knitting, embroidery60%
• 8Furniture making and repair60%
• 9Restaurant, hotel, food and drink60%
• 10Hairdressing, beauty and body care60%
• 11Soap, shampoo and cosmetics60%
• 12Writing literary works60%
• 13Silver, gold, gems and jewellery trade60%
• 14Hospital with inpatient beds60%
• 15Stone crushing60%
• 16Forestry, rubber and perennial plantations60%
• 17Transport or vehicle hire60%
• 18Printing, block making, bookbinding60%
• 19Mining60%
• 20Beverage production60%
• 21Tiles, ceramics, cement goods, earthenware60%
• 22Generating or selling electricity60%
• 23Ice making60%
• 24Glue, starch and flour60%
• 25Glassware, plastics and finished rubber goods60%
• 26Laundry and dyeing60%
• 27Selling goods you did not make (retail, online stores, resale)60%
• 28Horse racing prizes to owners60%
• 29Redemption under sale with right of redemption60%
• 30Rubber smoking and rubber sheets60%
• 31Tanning60%
• 32Sugar and molasses60%
• 33Fishing60%
• 34Sawmill60%
• 35Oil distilling and pressing60%
• 36Hire-purchase of movable property60%
• 37Rice mill60%
• 38Farming annual crops and grains60%
• 39Curing tobacco leaves60%
• 40Raising animals60%
• 41Slaughtering for sale60%
• 42Salt farming60%
• 43Selling ships and rafts60%
• 44Any other business, actual expensesActual

Allowances

Shared limits: life and health insurance together 100,000. Provident fund, Government Pension Fund, teachers' fund, National Savings Fund, RMF and annuity insurance together 500,000. Thai ESG sits outside the 500,000. Donations come last and are capped at 10% of income after allowances.

2569 changes

• Social security deduction rises to 10,500 baht as the wage ceiling becomes 17,500 from 1 January 2569.
• New solar rooftop deduction, up to 200,000 baht once, from 3 March 2569 to 31 December 2571 (Royal Decree 805).
• Energy-saving equipment with a 5-star label: an extra 50% for business and professional income.
• Donations to temples, foundations and charities count only through e-Donation.
• Education and sports donations count twice again from 2568 to 2570 (Royal Decrees 809 and 810, October 2569). 2568 returns filed at 1x can be amended.
• Thai ESG stays at 30% and 300,000 baht with a 5-year hold for 2569, then falls to 100,000 baht and 8 years from 2570.
• Thai ESGX has no new purchase window. The LTF switch remainder is deducted at up to 50,000 baht a year from 2569 to 2572.
• Easy E-Receipt and the domestic travel deduction applied to 2568 only. No 2569 round has been enacted.
• Flood repair deductions (home up to 100,000, vehicle up to 30,000) were approved by cabinet on 20 October 2569 and await a Ministerial Regulation.
• Crypto gains through SEC-licensed Thai exchanges are exempt from 2568 to 2572 (Ministerial Regulation 399).
• The 8-day online filing extension covers deadlines to January 2570. A renewal for the 2569 filing season has not been announced.

Filing and deadlines

• File even when no tax is due, once income passes the threshold. Filing is also the only way to get withheld tax back.
• Tax of 3,000 baht or more can be paid in three equal instalments when the return is filed on time.
• Late payment adds 1.5% a month on the unpaid tax, capped at the tax itself. Filing late carries a fine of up to 2,000 baht.
• Refunds are paid by PromptPay linked to your national ID number. Register PromptPay with your ID at any Thai bank.
• Thai tax residents (180 days or more in the year) are taxed on foreign income in the year it is brought into Thailand, for income earned from 2567.
• People aged 65 or over, and disabled people under 65, have 190,000 baht of income exempt.

Withholding rates

Payments made through the e-Withholding Tax system are withheld at 1% instead of 5%, 3% or 2% from 1 January 2569 to 31 December 2570 (Ministerial Regulation 402). Contracts under 1,000 baht need no withholding. The tax withheld is a credit on your annual return, not an extra tax.

Company tax

• SME rates need paid-up capital of 5M or less and sales of 30M or less, tested at every year end since 2555. Exceeding either once loses them.
• Dividends carry 10% withholding. Including them in PND 90 adds a credit of rate ÷ (100 − rate) of the dividend: 1/4 for profit taxed at 20%, 3/17 at 15%, none from the 0% band.
• A limited company sets aside 5% of profit with each dividend until the reserve reaches 10% of registered capital.
• A company needs at least two promoters, a CPA audit every year, and DBD fees of 5,500 baht to register. Limited partnerships pay 1,000 baht and may use a tax auditor when small.
• Not deductible: corporate tax itself, fines, personal expenses, salary to shareholders beyond a reasonable level, and bonuses fixed from profit after year end.
• Passenger cars depreciate on up to 1,000,000 baht of cost; rent is deductible up to 36,000 a month. Computers and software are written off over 3 years. Entertainment is capped at 0.3% of revenue or capital.
• VAT registration is required above 1,800,000 baht of turnover, for people and companies alike. The 7% rate runs until 30 September 2570.

Common mistakes

1. 1Using 300,000 or 300 days as the severance exemption. It is 400 days of wages, up to 600,000, and only when laid off.
2. 2Claiming SSF in 2568 or 2569. The deduction ended with 2567 purchases.
3. 3Counting parents' health insurance as 15,000 per parent. It is 15,000 in total.
4. 4Using 9,000 baht for social security in 2569. The maximum is 10,500.
5. 5Claiming 60% for plain freelance services under 40(8). Service work is usually 40(2).
6. 6Including only some dividends. Thai dividends and fund distributions are all in or all out.
7. 7Forgetting that annuity insurance first fills unused room in the 100,000 life insurance limit.
8. 8Applying the 190,000 exemption after expenses. It comes off gross income first.
9. 9Losing the spouse allowance without noticing: it applies only when the spouse has no income.
10. 10E-filing without paying by the deadline. An unpaid online return counts as not filed.
11. 11Adding up a family's life and health insurance under one person. Only your own premiums count, plus 10,000 for a spouse with no income.
12. 12Assuming a company always saves tax. Below about 2,000,000 baht of profit the running costs usually cancel the saving, and 40(8) traders with the 60% deduction often pay less personally.